بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
اليوم سوف أضع بين يديكم قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية والتعرف علي قواعدها
حتى تتمكنوا من التعرف بشكل كبير علي اللغة الإنجليزية وفي نهاية المطاف
يوجد أسئلة لمن يحب التعلم فليجاوب الأسئلة ويضع الإجابات في المنتدي
تقبلوا تحياتي بفائق الإحترام
الأزمان
الماضي البسيط
يأتي الفعل الماضي على عدة أشكال
1-الماضي المنتظم " الشكل الأول : الفعل وهو إضافة ( d,ed ) عند تحويله إلى الماضي
2-الفعل الماضي الثابت : عدم الفعل عند تحوله إلى الماضي
3-الفعل الماضي الشاذ : وهو تغير شكل الفعل عند تحوله إلى ماضي وهذه الأفعال تحفظ غيبا
الإستعمال
للتعبير عن حدث وقع في الماضي ضمن فترة زمنية محددة مثل :
·I sent ( send ) a letler to my friend last week .
·We had ( have ) abike many years ago .
النفـــــــييتم نفي التصريف الثاني وذلك باستخدام ( مجرد + didn’t )
·Had didn’t have
·Broke didn’t broke
·Saw didn’t see
السؤالa. Why questions
·What did John eat last evening ?
·Where did Ahmad leave last night ?
b.Yes , no questions
[/center]
اليوم سوف أضع بين يديكم قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية والتعرف علي قواعدها
حتى تتمكنوا من التعرف بشكل كبير علي اللغة الإنجليزية وفي نهاية المطاف
يوجد أسئلة لمن يحب التعلم فليجاوب الأسئلة ويضع الإجابات في المنتدي
تقبلوا تحياتي بفائق الإحترام
الأزمان
الماضي البسيط
يأتي الفعل الماضي على عدة أشكال
1-الماضي المنتظم " الشكل الأول : الفعل وهو إضافة ( d,ed ) عند تحويله إلى الماضي
Visit
visited
store
stored
visited
store
stored
2-الفعل الماضي الثابت : عدم الفعل عند تحوله إلى الماضي
Put
Put
cut
cut
Put
cut
cut
3-الفعل الماضي الشاذ : وهو تغير شكل الفعل عند تحوله إلى ماضي وهذه الأفعال تحفظ غيبا
Have
hade
eat
ate
hade
eat
ate
الإستعمال
للتعبير عن حدث وقع في الماضي ضمن فترة زمنية محددة مثل :
“ ago , yesterday , for ages , last( week , month , day , … ) , that ( day , time week, … ) ,it’s ( time , 2hours , several days … )
·I sent ( send ) a letler to my friend last week .
·We had ( have ) abike many years ago .
النفـــــــييتم نفي التصريف الثاني وذلك باستخدام ( مجرد + didn’t )
·Had didn’t have
·Broke didn’t broke
·Saw didn’t see
السؤالa. Why questions
W.h + did + subject + verb (base) + object + comp?
·What did John eat last evening ?
·Where did Ahmad leave last night ?
b.Yes , no questions
Did + subject + verb ( base ) +object + comp ?
·Did Ahmad watch television yesterday ?
·Did Laila play basketball yesterday ?
[center]
الماضي التام
الشكل
Had + P.P
الإستخدام للتعبير عن فعلين منفصلين يحدثان في الزمن الماضي و أحدهما حدث قبل الآخر .
الفعل الذي حدث أولا يسمى الفعل الماضي التام ( Had + P.P )
الفعل الذي حدث ثانيا يسمى الفعل الماضي البسيط ( التصريف الثاني )
ونفصل بين الفعلين بــــــ ( If ,when , After , when ) حسب القواعد التالية :
Before + simple past / Had + P.P “ Before I went to School , I Had eaten breakfast “
After + had + P.P / simple past “ After I had eaten breakfast , I went to School”
التمارين
·The firemen .................... ( arrive ) after the fire ................ ( go ) out .
·They ............. ( finish ) their work before they ................. ( take ) a rest .
·I wish I ............. ( not/ meet ) you before .
·If only you ............... ( not / say ) such foolish things.
·Maha was more exciting than we .................. (thing).
·After I ................... ( see ) her , I ........... ( returne) back home .
الماضي المستمر
الشكل
She / He / It /I + was + verb + ing
We / They / You + were + verb + ing
الإستخدامللتعبير عن فعل كان مستمرا لفترة معينة في الماضي وانتهى في الماضي
·We were reading all day yesterday .
للنعبير عن الفاعل في الماضي وحدوث فعل آخر أكثر أهمية
·While she was sleeping , the door bell rang .
دلائل الماضي
“ while , when , as , all ( day , time , …. ) yesterday , last yesterday (in the hours)
1- while + was /were + verb + ing/simple past “ while I was working , my father came “
2- As + was/were + verb +ing/ simple past “ As I was having breakfast , the man knocked at the door”
3- When + simple past / was,were + verb + ing “ When he left us ,it was raining heavily.
تمارين
·Were you talking ? No . Sir , we ............................ ( write ) our homework .
·As the child ................. ( walk) near the hole , he fell in in it .
·We .................. ( have ) tea while our children were playing on the grass .
·We said that we ....................... ( go ) as far as you were .
·When I ...................... ( work ) , they ......... ( play )
·We................. ( see ) him when he .............. ( swim ) .
·While we ............... ( read) the litter , the bell ............. ( rang ) .
·They .................. ( meet ) her as she ....................... ( walk ) along road .
·While I ..................... ( come ) her , I .................. ( meet ) john and ............. ( speak ) to him .
Will , shall + base
Is / am / are + going to + base
المستقبل البسيط
الدلالات
المضارع التام المستمر
الشــــــكــــل
I/you / we /they + have +been +ing
She /He/It + has +been+ +ing
الدلالات
All time this ( morning ,evening ….)
All ( time , day, my life ….. )
( privately ) , since , for .
قواعد since , forملاحظة : since /for لها قاعدتين
1- مع الأفعال التي لا تأخذ " ING "
For/since : have ,has +v3
2- مع باقي الأفعال
For/since : Have ,has + been +ING
ملاحظة :
1- FOR يتبعها كمية من الزمن مثل : ( 2 years , along time , an houre , days….)
3- SINCE ينبعها إسم الزمن مثل : ( Sunday , June , 6 O’clock , 1990 )
تمـــــــاريــــــن
·For 2 houre I ................. ( wait ) for him .
·Since morning she ................. ( be ) There .
·All time we ................... ( prepare ) for the match .
·We ........................ ( work ) here since morning .
المضارع المستمر
الشكل
He/ She/ It + Is + verb+ing
I + am + verb + ing
We/ You / They + are + verb + ing
الاستعمال
1.حدث يجري أثناء الكلام ( أي أن )
The men are working on the field now .
2.يعطي معنى المستقبل شريطة وجود دلالة مستقبل مثل :
( tomorrow , tonight , next , time )
They are wrking on the field next week .
3.لتعبير عن الغضب مع ( always) أو مع التعابير التالية
Continually, constantly, for ever
·She is continually asking for new clothes .
·You are always shouting at me constantly .
·They are for ever destroying toys .
·They are for ever destroying toys .
دلائل المضارع المستمرملاحظة : التعابير التالية تستخدم مع الفعل المضارع المستمر :
·( now, still, at, moment, at the present , in this hours , in this day , look! , listen! , lookout! Watchful! Becareful !)
أفعال لا تأخذ ing افعال الحالة العقلية
agree, differ , doubt ,forget, remember ,know,mean, Notice , recognise , suppose , think , believe , understand
افعال الحالة العاطفية
Desire, mind , hope , like ,please , prefer , want , wish ,feel , Forgive , hate , love , detest .
]
أفعال أخرى
Appear, belong to ,consist of , contain , cost , depend , deseive , equal , find , mater, seen , possess, care , refuse , have , dislike , own, gather , be worth .
أفعال الحواس
Feel , smell , taste , see, notice hear , observe , sense touch .
ملاحظة :- الافعال الإرادية يتم نفيها باستخدام ( dosen’t / don’t)ثم الفعل مجرد وإذا سبق بإسم مفرد يضاف لها ( S) .
تمـــــاريـــــــن
·Every story .................... ( consist of ) three flats .
·As she ................. ( trunst ) you , you must trust her too .
·I ...................... ( not / remember ) you names .
·He ................... ( not / hate ) thes people because they are vulgar .
·She ............................. (feel ) very well now .
·We ........................ ( hope ) you will visit us someday .
·I ...................... ( not wear ) my coat today .
·You ................ ( study ) English now ?
·What ............... she ................. today ?
امتحانات الأزمنة
·He always ………….. ( sit ) in the place ? ·She ………….. ( not / see) any English woman since she was in Africa . ·Sonner or later , you ……………. ( have ) to see a doctor . ·He would rather I …………… ( visit ) him daily . ·When the curtain goes up again , the play ………. ( start ) . ·In another month I …………….. ( live ) her for three years . ·Sami thinks it’s high time his little brother ………….. ( walk ) several steps . ·While the child ……….. ( cross ) the road , he ran over by a car . ·Hala ……………………. ( have ) a bath now . ·We ………………….. ( set ) off early tomorrow morning . ·This tree ………. ( stand ) here for more than 20 years . ·He ………….. ( weight ) 70 KG nowadays . ·You ‘d better ………….. ( be ) ready now . ·Sure , we ………………. We …………… ( finish ) it . ·When we met , we ………………. ( talk ) about it . ·When I ................. ( come ) To school this morning ,it was raining . ·The earth .................... ( be ) in existence for milions of years . ·Look ,Fareed .................. a new car . ·Marya ................ ( name ) the ************************l before she discovered it . ·I ........................ ( see ) you downtown two weeks ago. ·He ................ ( not find ) a new jop yet . ·Our school ....................( stand ) near the post office . ·My father ..................... ( not approve ) of gambling in any form . ·We .................. ( spend ) Two weeks in Cairo next month. ·She usually ..................... ( get ) up late . ·My little brother ..................... ( play ) Chess at this moment . ·He always ...................... ( supprt ) my opinions about teaching and learning English . ·I ......................... ( not see ) Mr khateeb since November . ·Mr Nabulsi .................... ( leave ) for london two weeks ago . ·While I ...................... ( wash ) the dishes , the door bell rang . ·We ................... ( not near ) heavy clothes in summer . ·I ................... ( not see ) him yesterday . ·They ................... ( build ) a dam next month . ·Mr Khateeb ................. ( buy ) a new house recently . ·Be quiet, I ................. ( speak ) on the telephone . ·We ...................... ( wait ) at the station for two hours . ·He ................... ( fall ) asleep while he was watching the T.V .
[/center]·Did Ahmad watch television yesterday ?
·Did Laila play basketball yesterday ?
[center]
الماضي التام
الشكل
Had + P.P
الإستخدام للتعبير عن فعلين منفصلين يحدثان في الزمن الماضي و أحدهما حدث قبل الآخر .
الفعل الذي حدث أولا يسمى الفعل الماضي التام ( Had + P.P )
الفعل الذي حدث ثانيا يسمى الفعل الماضي البسيط ( التصريف الثاني )
ونفصل بين الفعلين بــــــ ( If ,when , After , when ) حسب القواعد التالية :
Before + simple past / Had + P.P “ Before I went to School , I Had eaten breakfast “
After + had + P.P / simple past “ After I had eaten breakfast , I went to School”
التمارين
·The firemen .................... ( arrive ) after the fire ................ ( go ) out .
·They ............. ( finish ) their work before they ................. ( take ) a rest .
·I wish I ............. ( not/ meet ) you before .
·If only you ............... ( not / say ) such foolish things.
·Maha was more exciting than we .................. (thing).
·After I ................... ( see ) her , I ........... ( returne) back home .
الماضي المستمر
الشكل
She / He / It /I + was + verb + ing
We / They / You + were + verb + ing
الإستخدامللتعبير عن فعل كان مستمرا لفترة معينة في الماضي وانتهى في الماضي
·We were reading all day yesterday .
للنعبير عن الفاعل في الماضي وحدوث فعل آخر أكثر أهمية
·While she was sleeping , the door bell rang .
دلائل الماضي
“ while , when , as , all ( day , time , …. ) yesterday , last yesterday (in the hours)
1- while + was /were + verb + ing/simple past “ while I was working , my father came “
2- As + was/were + verb +ing/ simple past “ As I was having breakfast , the man knocked at the door”
3- When + simple past / was,were + verb + ing “ When he left us ,it was raining heavily.
تمارين
·Were you talking ? No . Sir , we ............................ ( write ) our homework .
·As the child ................. ( walk) near the hole , he fell in in it .
·We .................. ( have ) tea while our children were playing on the grass .
·We said that we ....................... ( go ) as far as you were .
·When I ...................... ( work ) , they ......... ( play )
·We................. ( see ) him when he .............. ( swim ) .
·While we ............... ( read) the litter , the bell ............. ( rang ) .
·They .................. ( meet ) her as she ....................... ( walk ) along road .
·While I ..................... ( come ) her , I .................. ( meet ) john and ............. ( speak ) to him .
Will , shall + base
Is / am / are + going to + base
المستقبل البسيط
“ Tomorrow , tonight , later , soon , in the future , this evening ,next ( week , time , day , … ) After ( 2houre , Sunday . 3 days … ) , At ( 7o’clock , night , half past seven … ) afew ( houre , days ,…. ) on ( Sunday , Monday , the summer holiday ) ”
·all the working will stop at five o’clock .
·I’m going to marry Laila this summer .
الإستخدام للتعبير عن حدث سيقع في المستقبل كذلك تستخدم مع sure , centainly وبعد that مع الأفعال التالية :
Believe , thing , expect , know .
ويمكن أن يستخدم للتعبير عن أ ـ الوعد ب ـ التصميم الأكيد ج ـ الرغبة د ـ النية والقصد هـ ـ التهديد
السؤال
Wh + will + subject + verb ( base ) + object + comp ?
·When will Ahmed buy his new car ?
·will Laila leave her job next week ?
تمارين
·They ………… ( do ) their duties very soon .
·This car …………. ( coast ) a lot of many next year .
·Sure I ……………. ( have ) apicnic .
·This evening we …………… ( eat ) a good dinner .
·Our team ………….. ( win ) the match this season .
·I ................ ( visit ) him tomorrow .
·Next week she ....................... ( have ) a new watch .
·Ahmad ................. ( be ) in London next summer .
·Tomorrow it ...................... ( not be ) cold .
·We ....................... ( not travel ) next week .
·I ...................... ( see ) you in Jordan next month .
·Laila ................... ( be ) absent tomorrow ?
·What Zaki ................... ( do ) next week ?
·When we ...................... ( have ) our next holiday ?
·You ...................... ( not meet ) her next Tuesday ?
[center]
المستقبل التام
الشكل
Will + have + P.P التصريف الثالث
الإستخدام للتعبير عن حدث نتوقع انتهائه في المستقبل أو نفترض انه قد انتهى ساعة الكلام ويستخم مع الدلاله الزمنيه.
By + ( الزمن )
By tomorrow , by 2020 , by next week
By the end of tomorrow .
تمارين
·By the end of this I …………….. ( finish ) my course .
·By 2002 my father ………. ( buy ) my farm .
·I ……………… ( shall / do ) my work while he is away .
·By the new year we …………… ( learn ) more new words .
المستقبل المستمر
الشكل
( Will + be + ing )
will be playing
الإستخدام ·all the working will stop at five o’clock .
·I’m going to marry Laila this summer .
الإستخدام للتعبير عن حدث سيقع في المستقبل كذلك تستخدم مع sure , centainly وبعد that مع الأفعال التالية :
Believe , thing , expect , know .
ويمكن أن يستخدم للتعبير عن أ ـ الوعد ب ـ التصميم الأكيد ج ـ الرغبة د ـ النية والقصد هـ ـ التهديد
السؤال
Wh + will + subject + verb ( base ) + object + comp ?
·When will Ahmed buy his new car ?
·will Laila leave her job next week ?
تمارين
·They ………… ( do ) their duties very soon .
·This car …………. ( coast ) a lot of many next year .
·Sure I ……………. ( have ) apicnic .
·This evening we …………… ( eat ) a good dinner .
·Our team ………….. ( win ) the match this season .
·I ................ ( visit ) him tomorrow .
·Next week she ....................... ( have ) a new watch .
·Ahmad ................. ( be ) in London next summer .
·Tomorrow it ...................... ( not be ) cold .
·We ....................... ( not travel ) next week .
·I ...................... ( see ) you in Jordan next month .
·Laila ................... ( be ) absent tomorrow ?
·What Zaki ................... ( do ) next week ?
·When we ...................... ( have ) our next holiday ?
·You ...................... ( not meet ) her next Tuesday ?
[center]
المستقبل التام
الشكل
Will + have + P.P التصريف الثالث
الإستخدام للتعبير عن حدث نتوقع انتهائه في المستقبل أو نفترض انه قد انتهى ساعة الكلام ويستخم مع الدلاله الزمنيه.
By + ( الزمن )
By tomorrow , by 2020 , by next week
By the end of tomorrow .
تمارين
·By the end of this I …………….. ( finish ) my course .
·By 2002 my father ………. ( buy ) my farm .
·I ……………… ( shall / do ) my work while he is away .
·By the new year we …………… ( learn ) more new words .
المستقبل المستمر
الشكل
( Will + be + ing )
will be playing
للتعبيبر عن خطة عمل سنقوم بها في المستقبل أو حدث نتوقع انه سيكون مستمرا في المستقبل ويستخدم مع الدلاله الظرفية الزمنية التالية :
By the time this ( year , week , mounth , … )
Next year at the same time .
تمارين
·By the time school end we ………….. ( wait ) for the results .
·During the spring holidays our class ……………. ( visit ) some of the historic places.
·At the same tomorrow we …………… ( sit ) for the first exame .
المضارع البسيط
الشــــــكل
He / she / It / base ( S/ES)
I / you / we / they + base
الإستخدام العادات التكرارية وهي الأعمال التي نقوم بها بصورة دائمة ومنتظمة وتحوي دلالات ظرفية زمنية مثل :
·Every(day,week,month,year,morning ….)
·Always,often,sometimes,generally,hourly…)
·Daily,weekly,mounthly,yearly,hlurly…)
·Once a ( day,week,mounth,…)
·Twice a (day,week,mounth,…)
·Three times a (day,week,mounth,…)
·We always spend our holidays away from home.
·Taha prays at a neighboring mosque daily .
الحقائق ( general facts حقائق عامة / الحقائق العلمية scientific facts )
القوانين , النظريات , الظواهر , حقائق عامة ....
EXAMPELES :-
1- We eat to live .
2- the earth goes round
مع الأفعال اللاإرادية : ومعظم هذا الأفعال من ( افعال الحواس , العاطفة , الاراء ) وجميعها لا بخضع لسيطرة الانسان وتأتي بصيغة التصريف الاول بدل ingمع أفعال الكون
hear
hear
hear
Love
Hate
Remmber
Notice
Feel
Taste
Forgive
Know
Suppose
Want
Wish
Care
Blieve
Forget
Recognize
Refuse
Accept
Seem
Mean
Mean
Smell
Possess
EXAMPELES:-By the time this ( year , week , mounth , … )
Next year at the same time .
تمارين
·By the time school end we ………….. ( wait ) for the results .
·During the spring holidays our class ……………. ( visit ) some of the historic places.
·At the same tomorrow we …………… ( sit ) for the first exame .
المضارع البسيط
الشــــــكل
He / she / It / base ( S/ES)
I / you / we / they + base
الإستخدام العادات التكرارية وهي الأعمال التي نقوم بها بصورة دائمة ومنتظمة وتحوي دلالات ظرفية زمنية مثل :
·Every(day,week,month,year,morning ….)
·Always,often,sometimes,generally,hourly…)
·Daily,weekly,mounthly,yearly,hlurly…)
·Once a ( day,week,mounth,…)
·Twice a (day,week,mounth,…)
·Three times a (day,week,mounth,…)
·We always spend our holidays away from home.
·Taha prays at a neighboring mosque daily .
الحقائق ( general facts حقائق عامة / الحقائق العلمية scientific facts )
القوانين , النظريات , الظواهر , حقائق عامة ....
EXAMPELES :-
1- We eat to live .
2- the earth goes round
مع الأفعال اللاإرادية : ومعظم هذا الأفعال من ( افعال الحواس , العاطفة , الاراء ) وجميعها لا بخضع لسيطرة الانسان وتأتي بصيغة التصريف الاول بدل ingمع أفعال الكون
hear
hear
hear
Love
Hate
Remmber
Notice
Feel
Taste
Forgive
Know
Suppose
Want
Wish
Care
Blieve
Forget
Recognize
Refuse
Accept
Seem
Mean
Mean
Smell
Possess
1- I Hate these people ; they often talk nonsense .
2- I forget the name of my English teacher .
في الجمل التعجبيةملاحظة : يجب أن يكون الفعل في التعجب تصريف أول مع ( S)
1- There comes our train !
2- Here goes my story !
ملاحظات هامة جدا إذا كان الفعل " مضارع بسيط " وبدأت الجملة ب ( it, she , he اسم مفرد ) علينا في هذه الحالة أن نضيف ( S) أو ( ES) للفعل حسب القواعد التالية :
أ- الفعل المنتهي بالأحرف التالية نضيف له ( ES)
·[ O, X, CH,SH, Z ] + ES
النفـــــــي يتم نفي التصريف الأول " SILMPLE PRESENT " وذلك باستخدام :
( DOSEN’T /DON’T ) ثم فعل BASE
He/she/It + dosen’t + base
I / we / you / They + don’t + base
السؤالa.wh-questions 2- I forget the name of my English teacher .
في الجمل التعجبيةملاحظة : يجب أن يكون الفعل في التعجب تصريف أول مع ( S)
1- There comes our train !
2- Here goes my story !
ملاحظات هامة جدا إذا كان الفعل " مضارع بسيط " وبدأت الجملة ب ( it, she , he اسم مفرد ) علينا في هذه الحالة أن نضيف ( S) أو ( ES) للفعل حسب القواعد التالية :
أ- الفعل المنتهي بالأحرف التالية نضيف له ( ES)
·[ O, X, CH,SH, Z ] + ES
النفـــــــي يتم نفي التصريف الأول " SILMPLE PRESENT " وذلك باستخدام :
( DOSEN’T /DON’T ) ثم فعل BASE
He/she/It + dosen’t + base
I / we / you / They + don’t + base
wh + do/does + I,you,we,they ,he,she,it + verb ( base ) + object + comp ?
·When do the boys leave school ?
·When does ahmad live ?
b.Yes , no questions ·When do the boys leave school ?
·When does ahmad live ?
Do/does + I,we , they , you ,he , she, it + verb ( base) + object + comp ?
·Do the men work hard ?
·Does it rain every winter in Jordan ?
تمارين ·Do the men work hard ?
·Does it rain every winter in Jordan ?
·Nowadays This book ................... ( not/cost) JD5 .
·There ....................... ( go ) now .
·She daily ............... ( do ) her duty .
·Jordan River ..................... ( flow ) into the Dead Sea .
·He ................... ( not /think) that everything is easy .
·Stare .................. ( shine ) at night .
·A dog ................ ( be ) an animal .
·Every body .................... ( have ) one mouth .
·Zeki ................. ( play ) football every day .
·John ................ ( fly ) to London once a year .
·Laila always .................... ( wash ) the dishes carefully .
·A camel ...................... ( not eat) meat .
·What you ............... ( do ) every summer ?
المضارع التام
الشكل
·I, We,They/ + have + P.P
·He,she,It / + has + P.P
دلالات المضارع التام يستخدم للتعبير عن فعل بدأ في الماضي وإنتهى الآن . ويستخدم مع الدلالات الظرفية التالية :
( already, just , at last , so , far , for , since , never , ever , recently , up till now , yet lately )
·She has driven her for over five years .
·He has started to learn English since Ramadan .
النفي والسؤالملاحظة ( Yet , ever ) تستخدم مع السؤال و النفي :
·Father hasn’t come in Yet .
·Have you ever been to Petra ?
·Have you written your homework , Yet ?
ملاحظة : - ( إذا جائت الدلالات الظرفية في وسط الجملة فأنها تقع بين ( have , has ) والفعل حسب الجدول التالي :-
Has / Have+ already / just/Never + P.P
·Ammar has already eaten his lunch .
·Mother has almost finished
·cleaning the house .
الإستعمالنستنتج أن الفعل المضارع التام يستخدم للتعبير عن الحالات التالية :-
1.فعل إنتهى الآن
·I have Just finished
2.بدأ في الماضي ولازال مستمر
·He has driven for five years 3.فعل جرى في الماضي وانتهى في الماضي ولكني افكر في نتيجته الآن ·There ....................... ( go ) now .
·She daily ............... ( do ) her duty .
·Jordan River ..................... ( flow ) into the Dead Sea .
·He ................... ( not /think) that everything is easy .
·Stare .................. ( shine ) at night .
·A dog ................ ( be ) an animal .
·Every body .................... ( have ) one mouth .
·Zeki ................. ( play ) football every day .
·John ................ ( fly ) to London once a year .
·Laila always .................... ( wash ) the dishes carefully .
·A camel ...................... ( not eat) meat .
·What you ............... ( do ) every summer ?
المضارع التام
الشكل
·I, We,They/ + have + P.P
·He,she,It / + has + P.P
دلالات المضارع التام يستخدم للتعبير عن فعل بدأ في الماضي وإنتهى الآن . ويستخدم مع الدلالات الظرفية التالية :
( already, just , at last , so , far , for , since , never , ever , recently , up till now , yet lately )
·She has driven her for over five years .
·He has started to learn English since Ramadan .
النفي والسؤالملاحظة ( Yet , ever ) تستخدم مع السؤال و النفي :
·Father hasn’t come in Yet .
·Have you ever been to Petra ?
·Have you written your homework , Yet ?
ملاحظة : - ( إذا جائت الدلالات الظرفية في وسط الجملة فأنها تقع بين ( have , has ) والفعل حسب الجدول التالي :-
Has / Have+ already / just/Never + P.P
·Ammar has already eaten his lunch .
·Mother has almost finished
·cleaning the house .
الإستعمالنستنتج أن الفعل المضارع التام يستخدم للتعبير عن الحالات التالية :-
1.فعل إنتهى الآن
·I have Just finished
2.بدأ في الماضي ولازال مستمر
·We have painted the door .
تمـــاريــن
·It ..................... not/rain ) since yeasterday .
·Dalal ….........… ( just / finish ) her breakfast,yet.
·................ You ............ ( ever/be ) to London?
·He ................... ( almost/ score ) abriliant goal.
·I just ................................... ( eat ) an orange .
·We just ......................... ( to post ) the letter s .
·She just .................................. ( drink ) the milk.
·Tom already ........................................( come ).
·John ........................................... ( come ) yet .
·Just .................... ( wash ) my hands .
·She …………….. ( to eat ) her breakfast already .
·John ........................ ( be ) ill since Sunday .
·I ...................... ( not see ) him yet .
·The lesson just ....................... ( begin ) .
·They ............................ ( work ) in this bank since April .
·He ............................ ( to work ) in this bank for four month.
تمـــاريــن
·It ..................... not/rain ) since yeasterday .
·Dalal ….........… ( just / finish ) her breakfast,yet.
·................ You ............ ( ever/be ) to London?
·He ................... ( almost/ score ) abriliant goal.
·I just ................................... ( eat ) an orange .
·We just ......................... ( to post ) the letter s .
·She just .................................. ( drink ) the milk.
·Tom already ........................................( come ).
·John ........................................... ( come ) yet .
·Just .................... ( wash ) my hands .
·She …………….. ( to eat ) her breakfast already .
·John ........................ ( be ) ill since Sunday .
·I ...................... ( not see ) him yet .
·The lesson just ....................... ( begin ) .
·They ............................ ( work ) in this bank since April .
·He ............................ ( to work ) in this bank for four month.
المضارع التام المستمر
الشــــــكــــل
I/you / we /they + have +been +ing
She /He/It + has +been+ +ing
الدلالات
All time this ( morning ,evening ….)
All ( time , day, my life ….. )
( privately ) , since , for .
قواعد since , forملاحظة : since /for لها قاعدتين
1- مع الأفعال التي لا تأخذ " ING "
For/since : have ,has +v3
2- مع باقي الأفعال
For/since : Have ,has + been +ING
ملاحظة :
1- FOR يتبعها كمية من الزمن مثل : ( 2 years , along time , an houre , days….)
3- SINCE ينبعها إسم الزمن مثل : ( Sunday , June , 6 O’clock , 1990 )
تمـــــــاريــــــن
·For 2 houre I ................. ( wait ) for him .
·Since morning she ................. ( be ) There .
·All time we ................... ( prepare ) for the match .
·We ........................ ( work ) here since morning .
المضارع المستمر
الشكل
He/ She/ It + Is + verb+ing
I + am + verb + ing
We/ You / They + are + verb + ing
الاستعمال
1.حدث يجري أثناء الكلام ( أي أن )
The men are working on the field now .
2.يعطي معنى المستقبل شريطة وجود دلالة مستقبل مثل :
( tomorrow , tonight , next , time )
They are wrking on the field next week .
3.لتعبير عن الغضب مع ( always) أو مع التعابير التالية
Continually, constantly, for ever
·She is continually asking for new clothes .
·You are always shouting at me constantly .
·They are for ever destroying toys .
·They are for ever destroying toys .
دلائل المضارع المستمرملاحظة : التعابير التالية تستخدم مع الفعل المضارع المستمر :
·( now, still, at, moment, at the present , in this hours , in this day , look! , listen! , lookout! Watchful! Becareful !)
أفعال لا تأخذ ing افعال الحالة العقلية
agree, differ , doubt ,forget, remember ,know,mean, Notice , recognise , suppose , think , believe , understand
افعال الحالة العاطفية
Desire, mind , hope , like ,please , prefer , want , wish ,feel , Forgive , hate , love , detest .
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أفعال أخرى
Appear, belong to ,consist of , contain , cost , depend , deseive , equal , find , mater, seen , possess, care , refuse , have , dislike , own, gather , be worth .
أفعال الحواس
Feel , smell , taste , see, notice hear , observe , sense touch .
ملاحظة :- الافعال الإرادية يتم نفيها باستخدام ( dosen’t / don’t)ثم الفعل مجرد وإذا سبق بإسم مفرد يضاف لها ( S) .
تمـــــاريـــــــن
·Every story .................... ( consist of ) three flats .
·As she ................. ( trunst ) you , you must trust her too .
·I ...................... ( not / remember ) you names .
·He ................... ( not / hate ) thes people because they are vulgar .
·She ............................. (feel ) very well now .
·We ........................ ( hope ) you will visit us someday .
·I ...................... ( not wear ) my coat today .
·You ................ ( study ) English now ?
·What ............... she ................. today ?
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